Sciatica

Learn what sciatica is and how to find relief

Understanding Sciatica

Medically Reviewed
March 19, 2026

Sciatica refers to pain that travels along the sciatic nerve, usually from the lower back into the buttock and down one leg. It’s not a diagnosis on its own, but a symptom caused by irritation or pressure on the nerve. Sciatica often comes and goes and is commonly triggered by movement, posture, or prolonged sitting.

What Causes Sciatica

Disc irritation or bulge: The most common cause, is when a spinal disc presses on the nerve.
Muscle tightness: Tight muscles, particularly in the hips or gluteal region, can irritate the nerve.
Prolonged sitting: Long periods of sitting increase pressure on the lower spine.
Sudden movement or strain: Lifting, twisting, or awkward movements can trigger symptoms.

Sciatica is often caused by a combination of factors rather than a single injury.

Common Symptoms of Sciatica

Radiating leg pain: Pain that starts in the lower back or buttock and travels down the leg.
Sharp, burning, or electric pain: Sensations that feel stronger than typical muscle soreness.
Tingling or numbness: Pins-and-needles or reduced sensation in the leg or foot.
Pain with sitting: Symptoms often worsen when sitting for long periods.
Relief with movement: Walking or changing positions may reduce discomfort.

What Can Help Relieve Sciatica

Gentle movement: Walking and light activity help calm nerve irritation.
Position changes: Avoiding long periods of sitting and adjusting posture reduces pressure on the nerve.
Heat or ice: Heat relaxes surrounding muscles; ice can reduce flare-ups.
Short-term pain relief: Acetaminophen or NSAIDs may help during more intense episodes.

Complete bed rest usually makes sciatica worse; staying lightly active supports recovery.